FEATURE
Awamori: Okinawa's black-koji spirit and its kusu
泡盛 —— 黒麹と古酒(クース)の島の酒
Rice, black koji, water, one distillation — and time. Awamori is Okinawa's own spirit, and its aged kusu are treasures handed down through generations.
米、黒麹、水、一度の蒸留、そして時間。泡盛は沖縄の酒であり、古酒(クース)は世代を超えて受け継がれる宝物です。
English
Awamori in one sentence
Awamori (泡盛) is Okinawa's single-distilled spirit, made entirely from rice koji grown with black koji mold, fermented with water and distilled once; when aged three years or more it may be called kusu (古酒).
Quick facts
Ingredients: rice koji (black koji, Aspergillus luchuensis) + water
Rice: mostly Thai indica rice, by tradition
Method: the whole mash is koji — no second addition of steamed rice
Protected name: GI Ryukyu — fermented, distilled, stored and bottled in Okinawa
Kusu (古酒): 100% of the content aged 3 years or more
Celebrated: 1 November, Honkaku Shochu & Awamori Day
The oldest line of Japanese distillation
Distilling is believed to have reached the Ryukyu Kingdom through its trade with Southeast Asia by the 15th century. From Okinawa, the craft travelled north to Kyushu. The black koji of awamori later crossed the sea as well, and changed shochu-making in Kagoshima in the early 20th century.
Why black koji?
Black koji produces plenty of citric acid, which protects the mash in Okinawa's heat. It also gives awamori its deep, full-bodied character.
Kusu and shitsugi
Awamori improves with age. Some families keep clay pots of kusu for decades. In the traditional shitsugi (仕次ぎ) method, a little of the oldest pot is drunk, and it is topped up from the next oldest, and so on — so the oldest spirit never runs out, growing smoother year after year. Since the labeling rules were revised (fully applied from 2015), only awamori aged entirely three years or more may be labeled kusu; if ages are blended, the youngest age is stated.
How to drink it
Young awamori with water or on the rocks; kusu straight, in a tiny cup, at room temperature. Okinawa's karakara pourer and chibuguwa cups are made for this.
Read next: Aging shochu · Shochu vessels · What is shochu?
日本語
泡盛をひとことで
泡盛は、黒麹菌で育てた米麹と水だけで仕込み、単式蒸留する沖縄の酒。全量を3年以上寝かせたものは「古酒(クース)」と呼べます。
基本データ
原料:米麹(黒麹菌)+水
米:伝統的にタイ米(インディカ米)が中心
仕込み:もろみはすべて米麹(全麹仕込み)
地理的表示:「琉球」—— 沖縄県内で発酵・蒸留・貯蔵・瓶詰め
古酒:全量を3年以上貯蔵
記念日:11月1日「本格焼酎・泡盛の日」
日本の蒸留のいちばん古い流れ
蒸留の技術は、15世紀までに東南アジアとの交易を通じて琉球に伝わったと考えられています。沖縄から九州へ、北へと広がった技。泡盛の黒麹も20世紀初め海を渡り、鹿児島の焼酎づくりを変えました。
なぜ黒麹なのか
黒麹はクエン酸を多くつくり、暑い沖縄でもろみを守ります。泡盛のコクと力強さも黒麹から。
古酒と仕次ぎ
泡盛は寝かせるほど育つ酒。甕の古酒を何十年も守ってきた家もあります。伝統の「仕次ぎ」は、いちばん古い甕から飲んだ分を二番目に古い甕から注ぎ足し、その分をさらに次から……と繰り返すやり方。古い酒は絶えることなく、年々まろやかになります。表示基準の改正(2015年から完全適用)で、全量が3年以上のものだけが「古酒」と名乗れ、年数の異なる酒を混ぜた場合はいちばん若い年数を表示します。
飲み方
若い泡盛は水割りやロックで。古酒は常温のまま、小さな杯で生(き)で。沖縄の「カラカラ」や「ちぶぐゎー」はそのための酒器です。
Sources / 出典: National Tax Agency, GI Ryukyu production standards; JETRO "Awamori"; Ryukyu Shimpo (kusu labeling) / 国税庁 地理的表示「琉球」生産基準、JETRO、琉球新報
For adults of legal drinking age. Enjoy responsibly. / 飲酒は20歳になってから。適量を楽しみましょう。
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